Wenzani i-relay emotweni?

I. Isingeniso

Ukudluliselwa kwezimotoiyingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu kagesi yemoto. Asebenza njengamaswishi alawula ukuhamba kwamandla kagesi ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zemoto, njengezibani, isimo somoya, nophondo. I-automotive relay inesibopho sokulawula amaleveli wamandla, ukuqondisa amaza kagesi, nokwenza imisebenzi enengqondo eyenza imoto ihambe kahle. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlinzeka ngesifinyezo salokho okwenziwa ama-relay emotweni, izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-relay, kanye nendlela yokuxilonga izinkinga ezivamile ngokudluliselwa kwezimoto emotweni. Ekupheleni kwalesi sihloko, uzoqonda kangcono ukubaluleka kokudluliswa kwezimoto ohlelweni lukagesi lwemoto.

II. Wenzani i-relay emotweni?

Ama-relay adlala indima ebalulekile kusistimu kagesi yemoto, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa ekulawuleni amasekhethi okugeleza kwamanje aphezulu. Zisebenza njengamaswishi kagesi, okuvumela ama-circuits amanje aphansi ukuthi alawule ama-circuits ahambayo aphezulu ukuze anike amandla izingxenye ezahlukene zemoto. Isibonelo, uma ukhanyisa iswishi yakho yesibani, isiyingi samanje esiphansi sinikeza amandla ikhoyili edluliswayo, edala indawo kazibuthe evala okuxhunywana naye, okuvumela amandla kagesi ukuthi ageleze aye ezibanini zangaphambili.

Ngokungafani nokushintsha, ama-relay avumela ukulawulwa kwamasekethe amaningi ngokushintsha okukodwa noma imojula yokulawula. Ukudluliselwa kungase kuvuleke ngokujwayelekile (NO) noma kuvalwe ngokujwayelekile (NC), futhi kungasetshenziselwa uhla olubanzi lwezinhlelo zokusebenza, njengokulawula uphondo lwemoto.

Ama-relay asebenza ngokusebenzisa isifunda sokulawula ukuze kwakheke inkambu kazibuthe edonsa noma esunduza isethi yoxhumana nabo abadluliswayo. Lapho i-current igeleza, idonsa abathintwayo ndawonye, ​​​​ivumela amandla kagesi ukuthi ageleze. Uma ikhoyili iphelelwa amandla, indawo kazibuthe iyawa, okuvumela abathintwayo ukuba bahlukane futhi baphule uxhumano lukagesi.

Sekukonke, ama-relay ayizingxenye ezibalulekile kusistimu kagesi yemoto, okuvumela ukulawulwa kwamasekhethi amaningi ngeswishi eyodwa noma imojuli yokulawula.

III. Izinhlobo zokudluliselwa kwezimoto

Kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-relay yezimoto ezivame ukusetshenziswa ezimotweni. Nazi ezinye zezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zokudlulisela kanye nemisebenzi yazo:

Ngokujwayelekile i-relay evulekile (NO): Lolu hlobo lwe-relay luyavuleka lapho ikhoyili inganamandla, futhi ivaliwe lapho ikhoyili inamandla. Ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukulawula amasekhethi okugeleza amanje aphezulu, njengezibani zangaphambili zemoto noma uphondo.

I- Normally closed relay (NC): Lolu hlobo lwe-relay luyavalwa lapho ikhoyili ingenawo amandla, futhi ivuleke lapho ikhoyili inikwa amandla. Ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukulawula amasekhethi okugeleza kwamanje aphansi, njengalawo atholakala kumaswishi akude noma amaswishi akulayini.

I-Changeover relay: Lolu hlobo lokudlulisela lunamasethi amabili oxhumana nabo futhi lungasetshenziswa ukushintsha phakathi kwamasekhethi amabili, okuhlanganisa i-relay evamile evulekile kanye ne-relay evamise ukuvaleka. Ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukulawula isimo somoya semoto noma izinjini zabalandeli.

I-Single Pole Double Throw (SPDT) edluliselwe: Lolu hlobo lokudlulisela lunoxhumana naye oyedwa ovame ukuvulwa kanye noyedwa ovamise ukuvala. Ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukulawula ukuhamba kwamandla kumasistimu e-DC, njengalawo atholakala kumamotho avuthelayo.

I-Micro relay: Lolu hlobo lwe-relay luyi-relay encane evame ukusetshenziswa kumafasitela othomathikhi noma izibani ezisizayo.

Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-relay lusebenza ngokuhlukile futhi lusetshenziselwa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene emotweni. Ukuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene zamalayidi nemisebenzi yawo kungasiza ukuxilonga izinkinga ngesistimu kagesi yemoto.

IV. Izinkinga ezijwayelekile ngokudluliselwa kwezimoto

Njenganoma iyiphi ingxenye kagesi, ukudluliselwa kwezimoto kungahluleka noma kuhlangabezane nezinkinga. Nazi ezinye izindaba ezijwayelekile ngokudluliselwa kwezimoto:

Ukuhluleka kwe-relay: Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abathintwayo kuma-break relay bangaguga noma balimale, okuholela ekwehlulekeni. I-relay embi ingabangela izinkinga ezihlukahlukene, njengesekhethi engasebenzi, ukusebenza kwezikhawu, noma ngisho nokulimala kwezinye izingxenye zesistimu kagesi yemoto.

Ama-voltage spikes: Uma i-relay ivaliwe, indawo kazibuthe iyawa futhi ingakhiqiza i-voltage spike kusekethe. Le spike ye-voltage ingalimaza ezinye izingxenye zesekethe, njengemojula yokulawula noma ikhoyili edluliswayo ngokwayo.

Ngakho-ke, kwenzekani lapho i-relay ihamba kabi? Izimpawu zingahluka ngokuya ngesekhethi ethile kanye nokusebenza, kepha ezinye zezimpawu ezijwayelekile zokudluliswa okubi zihlanganisa:

Isekhethi engasebenzi: Uma i-relay yemoto ihluleka, isifunda esisilawulayo singayeka ukusebenza ngokuphelele.

Ukusebenza kwezikhawu: I-relay embi ingabangela ukuthi isekethe isebenze ngezikhathi ezithile noma ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile kuphela.

Umsindo wokuchofoza: Uma i-relay inikwe amandla, kufanele ikhiqize umsindo wokuchofoza ozwakalayo. Uma i-relay ihluleka, ingase ikhiqize umsindo wokuchofoza ngokuqhubekayo noma ingakhiqizi nhlobo. khiqiza i

Othintana nabo abashisiwe noma abancibilikisiwe: Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, i-relay embi ingabangela ukuthi abathintwayo bashise noma bancibilike, okuholela ekulimaleni kwezinye izingxenye zesekethe.

Ukunakekelwa okuvamile nokuhlolwa kwama-relay kungasiza ekuvimbeleni izinkinga futhi kuzibambe kusenesikhathi.

V. Indlela yokuxilonga i-relay embi emotweni

Uma usola ukuthi i-relay emotweni yakho yimbi, kunezinyathelo ezimbalwa ongazithatha ukuze uhlole inkinga:

Lalela ngokuchofoza:

Uma ukhanyisa ingxenye elawulwa i-relay, njengezibani zangaphambili noma isimo somoya, lalela umsindo ochofozayo ovela ku-break relay. Lo msindo ubonisa ukuthi i-relay inikezwa amandla futhi kufanele isebenze kahle.

Hlola i-fuse:

Ngaphambi kokuhlola i-relay ngokwayo, hlola i-fuse yesekethe eyilawulayo. I-fuse eshaywayo ingabangela izimpawu ezifanayo ku-relay embi.

Shintshanisa ngokudluliselwa okuhle okwaziwayo: 

Uma unomunye u-relay emotweni yakho owaziyo ukuthi isebenza kahle, shintshanisa ne-relay esolwayo. Uma ingxenye iqala ukusebenza kahle, ukhombe i-relay enephutha.

Hlola nge-multimeter:

Uma une-multimeter, ungahlola i-relay ngokuqondile. Setha i-multimeter kusilungiselelo se-ohms bese uthinta ama-probe koxhumana nabo abadluliswayo. Kufanele ubone ukufundwa kwe-zero ohms lapho ukudluliselwa kunikwe amandla nokumelana okungapheli uma kungenjalo.

Ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo, ungakwazi ukuhlonza i-relay embi emotweni yakho futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokuyishintsha noma uthenge i-relay efanayo ngaphambi kokuthi idale omunye umonakalo.

VI. Yini ebangela ukuthi i-relay yehluleke?

Ama-relay aklanyelwe ukuthi aqine futhi ahlale isikhathi eside, kodwa asengahluleka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Nazi ezinye zezimbangela ezivamile zokwehluleka kwe-relay:

Ubudala:

Njengezingxenye eziningi zomshini nezikagesi, ama-relay amaningi ekugcineni azoguga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lapho kusetshenziswa i-relay, maningi amathuba okuthi ingaphumeleli.

Ukuchayeka emazingeni okushisa aphezulu:

Amalayidi ezimoto ngokuvamile atholakala endaweni yenjini, lapho angachayeka khona emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kushisa kungabangela izingxenye ze-relay ukuthi ziphuke futhi zihluleke.

Amandla we-voltage:

Ama-voltage spikes, okungenzeka uma i-relay ivuliwe noma ivaliwe, ingalimaza oxhumana nabo be-relay futhi ibangele ukuthi ihluleke.

Iyalayisha ngokweqile:

Uma i-relay isetshenziselwa ukulawula isekethe edonsa amandla amanje kakhulu, ingashisa futhi yehluleke.

Ukufakwa okungalungile:

Uma i-relay ingafakwanga kahle, ingonakala noma yehluleke ukusebenza kahle.

Ukuze uvimbele ukwehluleka kwe-relay, kubalulekile ukulandela lawa macebiso:

Sebenzisaukudluliselwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu:

Ukukhetha i-relay yekhwalithi ephezulu kungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izohlala isikhathi eside futhi isebenze kahle.

Gcina ukudluliselwa kupholile: 

Noma nini lapho kungenzeka, khweza ama-relay endaweni lapho azochayeka khona ekushiseni okuncane.

Sebenzisa ama-relay afanelekile esekethe:

Qiniseka ukuthi ukhetha i-relay enezilinganiso zamanje eziphezulu ngokwanele ukuze isingathe isifunda esizoyilawula.

Landela izinqubo zokufaka ezifanele: 

Qiniseka ukuthi ulandela imiyalelo yomkhiqizi lapho ufaka i-relay ukuze ugweme ukuyonakalisa.

Ngokulandela lawa macebiso, ungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuhluleka kwe-relay futhi uqinisekise ukuthi isistimu kagesi yemoto yakho isebenza kahle eminyakeni ezayo.

VII. Isiphetho

Sengiphetha, ukudluliselwa kwezimoto kudlala indima ebalulekile ezimotweni. Asebenza njengamaswishi alawula amazinga wamandla futhi asebenzise izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zemoto, njengezibani zangaphambili, ama-blower motors, kanye ne-air conditioning.

Sixoxile ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zamalayidi ezimoto, okuhlanganisa ukudluliselwa okuvamise ukuvuleka, ukudluliselwa okuvamise ukuvaleka, ukudluliselwa kokushintshashintsha, kanye nokudluliswa okuncane. Siphinde sagqamisa izinkinga ezivamile ezingase ziphakame ngokudlulisela imali, njengokunyuka kwamandla kagesi kanye nokwehluleka, futhi sinikeze amathiphu okuxilonga nokuvimbela lezi zinkinga.

Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokudluliselwa kwezimoto, abafundi bangabheka izinsiza ezifana nemininingwane yedatha yomkhiqizi noma baxhumane nochwepheshe bezimoto abathembekile. Kubalulekile ukuba nokuqonda okuyisisekelo kokudluliselwa kwezimoto ukuze uqinisekise ukuphepha nokuthembeka kwesistimu kagesi yemoto yakho.