1.Isingeniso Koxhumana Nabo Abadluliswayo

1.1 Isingeniso sesakhiwo esiyisisekelo kanye nomgomo wokusebenza wama-relay

I-relay iyithuluzi lokushintsha i-elekthronikhi elisebenzisa izimiso zikazibuthe kagesi ukulawula isekethe futhi ngokuvamile lisetshenziswa kumasekhethi kagesi aphansi ukulawula ukusebenza kwemishini yamandla kagesi aphezulu. isiphethu.Uma ikhoyili inikwa amandla, kukhiqizwa amandla kagesi ukuze ahehe izikhali, ezishayela iqembu lokuxhumana ukuthi lishintshe isimo futhi livale noma liphule isekethe.Ama-relay ayakwazi ukuzilawula ngaphandle kwe-manual. ukungenelela futhi asetshenziswa kabanzi ezinhlobonhlobo zemishini yokuzenzakalela, izinhlelo zokulawula kanye nezifunda zokuvikela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza nokuphepha kwamanje.

1.2chaza izinhlobo zoxhumana nabo ku-relay, ugcizelela imiqondo ethi "NC" (Ngokujwayelekile Kuvaliwe) kanye "NO" (Ngokujwayelekile Kuvuliwe) abathintwayo

Izinhlobo zokuthintwayo zama-relay ngokuvamile zihlukaniswa ngokuthi "NC" (Ngokujwayelekile Kuvalwe) kanye "NO" (Ngokujwayelekile Kuvuliwe). Oxhumana nabo abavalekile (NC) basho ukuthi uma i-relay inganikwa amandla, abathintwayo bavalwe ngokuzenzakalela futhi okwamanje kungadlula. ngokusebenzisa; uma ikhoyili ye-relay isinamandla, othintana nabo be-NC bazovuleka. Ngokuphambene, ukuxhumana okuvame ukuvuleka (NO) kuyavulwa lapho i-relay ingenawo amandla, futhi okuthi CHA uyavala lapho ikhoyili inikwa amandla. lawula ngokuguquguqukayo i-on-off current ezifundazweni ezahlukene ukuze uhlangabezane nezidingo ezahlukahlukene zokulawula nokuvikela.

1.3Basebenza kanjani Oxhumana nabo be-NC kuma-Relay

Leli phepha lizogxilwa endleleni ethile yokusebenza koxhumana nabo be-NC kuma-relay, adlala indima ebalulekile kumasekethe e-relay, ikakhulukazi ezimeni lapho kudingekile khona ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amasekethe ayaqhubeka nokwenza noma ukugcina izinga elithile lokusebenza isigameko sokwehluleka kwamandla ezimeni eziphuthumayo.Sizobhekisisa ukuthi othintana nabo be-NC basebenza kanjani, baziphatha kanjani ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zomhlaba wangempela, nokuthi badlala kanjani indima ekulawuleni, ekuvikeleni, nasekusebenzeni okuzenzakalelayo, okuvumela okwamanje. ukugeleza ukuze uhlale uphephile futhi uzinzile ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene.

2.Ukuqonda Oxhumana Nabo Be-NC (Ngokuvamile Bavalwe).

2.1Incazelo yokuxhumana "NC" kanye nomgomo wayo wokusebenza

Igama elithi “NC” othintana naye (Oxhumene naye Ovamise Ukuvala) libhekisela kothintana naye okuthi, esimweni salo sokuzenzakalelayo, ahlale evaliwe, okuvumela igagasi ukuthi lidlule kuye.Emdluliseleni odluliswayo, othintana naye we-NC usendaweni evaliwe lapho ikhoyili edluliswayo ingekho. inikwe amandla, ivumela i-current ukuthi igeleze ngokuqhubekayo kusekethe. Ngokujwayelekile isetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokulawula ezidinga ukugeleza kwamanje ukuze kugcinwe lapho kwenzeka ukwehluleka kwamandla, othintana nabo be-NC baklanyelwe ukuvumela okwamanje ukuthi kuqhubeke ukugeleza "isimo esizenzakalelayo" lapho i-relay inganikiwe amandla, futhi lokhu kulungiselelwa kokugeleza kwamanje kusetshenziswa kabanzi kumadivayisi amaningi azenzakalelayo futhi kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokudlulisela.

2.2Othintana nabo be-NC bayavalwa uma kungekho intambo egeleza ngekhoyili edluliswayo.

Othintana nabo be-NC bahlukile ngoba bahlala bevaliwe lapho ikhoyili ye-relay inganikeziwe amandla, ngaleyo ndlela igcine indlela yamanje. Njengoba isimo sekhoyili edluliswayo silawula ukuvulwa nokuvalwa kwekhoyili ye-NC, lokhu kusho ukuthi inqobo nje uma ikhoyili isekhona. ingenawo amandla, i-current izogeleza koxhumana nabo abavaliwe.Lokhu kumisa kubalulekile kuzimo zohlelo lokusebenza lapho uxhumo lwesekethe ludinga ukugcinwa esimweni esingenawo amandla, njengezisetshenziswa zokuphepha namandla ayisipele. amasistimu.Othintana nabo be-NC abaklanywe ngale ndlela bavumela okwamanje ukuthi kuzinze lapho uhlelo lokulawula lunganikeziwe amandla, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile kwezinto zokusebenza kuzo zonke izifundazwe.

2.3Umehluko phakathi kokuxhumana kwe-NC kanye AKUKHO othintana naye

Umehluko phakathi koxhumana nabo be-NC (oxhumana nabo abavamise ukuvaleka) kanye NOxhumana nabo AKUKHO (oxhumana nabo ngokuvamile abavulayo) "isimo sabo sokuzenzakalelayo"; Othintana nabo be-NC bavalwa ngokuzenzakalelayo, kuvumela okwamanje ukuthi kugeleze, kuyilapho AKUKHO othintana nabo abavalwa ngokuzenzakalelayo, kuvaleka kuphela lapho ikhoyili edluliswayo inikwa amandla.Lomahluko ubanikeza izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukene kumasekhethi kagesi. othintana naye we-NC usetshenziselwa ukugcina ukugeleza kwamanje lapho idivayisi ikhishwa amandla, kuyilapho okuthi CHA othintana naye kusetshenziselwa ukucupha amandla amanje kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.Kusetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa, lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zothintana nazo zinikeza ama-relay ukulawulwa kwesifunda okuguquguqukayo, okuhlinzeka ngezinhlobonhlobo. yezinketho zokulawula amadivaysi ayinkimbinkimbi.

3.Iqhaza Lokuxhumana Kwe-NC Ekusebenzeni Kwe-Relay

3.1Indima ebalulekile ekusebenzeni kwama-relay

Kuma-relay, ukuxhumana kwe-NC (Okuvalwe Ngokujwayelekile) kudlala indima ebalulekile, ikakhulukazi ekulawuleni ukugeleza kwamanje.Ukuxhumana kwe-NC kwe-relay iyakwazi ukuhlala ivaliwe lapho amandla ecishiwe, iqinisekisa ukuthi i-current iyaqhubeka nokugeleza kokuzenzakalelayo. isimo sesifunda.Lokhu kuklama kuvimbela okokusebenza ekuphazamiseni ukusebenza uma kwenzeka ukuphelelwa amandla kungazelelwe.Ukuklanywa koxhumana nabo be-NC kuma-relay kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokulawula ukushintsha. Oxhumana nabo abavamile abavaliwe basiza ukugeleza kwamanje ukuze uhlelo lukagesi lugcine uxhumano lapho lungasebenzi, okuqinisekisa ukuzinza nokuthembeka kwesistimu.

3.2Indlela yokuhlinzeka ngendlela yamanje eqhubekayo ekulawuleni isifunda

Othintana nabo be-NC basetshenziswa kuma-relay ukunikeza indlela yamanje eqhubekayo ngokusebenzisa isekethe, okuyindlela ebalulekile yokulawula ngokuzenzakalelayo.Ngesenzo sekhoyili edluliselwe, othintana nabo be-NC bahlala bevaliwe esimweni sokungasebenzi, okuvumela okwamanje ukuthi kugeleze ngokukhululeka.Relay amaswishi avame ukuvaleka aqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kokulawulwa kwesekethe futhi avame kakhulu emishinini yezimboni nasezinhlelweni ezishintshayo zasekhaya.Ukugeleza okuqhubekayo kwemizila yamanje kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaphazamiseki kwemishini uma kunesidingo futhi kuwuhlelo. umsebenzi ongenakubuyiseleka wokudlulisa ekulawulweni kwesekethe.

3.3Izicelo kumasekethe okuphepha nezimo eziphuthumayo ngoba agcina amasekhethi uma kwenzeka ugesi uphela

Othintana nabo be-NC babalulekile ekuphepheni nasezimo eziphuthumayo ngenxa yekhono labo lokuhlala livaliwe futhi balondoloze ukugeleza kwamanje uma kwenzeka ukuphelelwa amandla.Ezimisweni zokumisa izimo eziphuthumayo noma izifunda zokuphepha, othintana nabo be-NC baklanyelwe ukuvumela imishini ebalulekile ukuba isekelwe ngisho nalapho ukunikezwa kukagesi kuyaphazamiseka, kugwema izingozi ezingase zibe khona.Othintana nabo be-NC bokudluliselana basiza ukugcina ukuxhunywa kwesekethe yesistimu ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo futhi kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka nokusebenza kwezisetshenziswa zezimboni nezokuphepha.

4.I-NC Contact Isebenza kanjani nge-Relay Coil

4.1Isimo sokusebenza sabathintwayo be-NC lapho ikhoyili ye-relay inikwa amandla futhi iphelelwa amandla

Othintana naye we-NC (Oxhumene naye Ngokujwayelekile) we-relay uhlala evaliwe lapho ikhoyili iphelelwa amandla.Lokhu kusho ukuthi intambo ingageleza endaweni evaliwe, ishiye isekethe ixhumekile. endaweni evulekile, ngaleyo ndlela iphazamise ukugeleza kwamanje.Lokhu kushintshwa kwezimo zokusebenza kuyindlela eyinhloko kumasekhethi okulawula ukudluliselwa.Ukuxhumana kwe-NC kuhlala kuvaliwe esimweni sokuphumula, ngakho-ke kusetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakhiweni kwesekethe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukugeleza kwamanje ukuthi kunakekelwe ngokuzenzakalela, njengamasistimu athile okuvikela, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amasekhethi ahlala exhumekile uma kwenzeka ukuphelelwa amandla.

4.2 Uma ikhoyili ye-relay inikwa amandla, i-NC contact inqamuka kanjani, ngaleyo ndlela inqamule isekethe

Lapho ikhoyili edluliswayo inikwa amandla, othintana naye we-NC ngokushesha ushintshela esimweni esivulekile, avimbele ukugeleza kwamanje.Lapho inikezwe amandla, inkambu kazibuthe ye-relay isebenzisa ukushintsha okuthintana naye, okubangela ukuthi othintana naye we-NC avuleke.Lolu shintsho lunqamula ngokushesha ukugeleza kwamanje, ukuvumela ukuthi isifunda sinqanyulwe.Ukushintsha othintana nabo be-NC kuvumela isekethe ukuthi ilawulwe ngokuphumelelayo kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuvikela imishini.Eziyingini eziyinkimbinkimbi, le nqubo yokushintsha ye-NC othintana naye wenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ukulawula futhi aqinisekise ukuthi isifunda sinqanyulwa ngokushesha lapho sidinga ukuphulwa, ngaleyo ndlela kwandisa ukuthembeka nokuphepha kwesifunda.

4.3Ubudlelwano kanye nokusebenzisana phakathi koxhumana nabo be-NC nokusebenza kwekhoyili edluliswayo

Kukhona ukuxhumana okuseduze phakathi koxhumana nabo be-NC kanye nekhoyili ye-relay.I-relay ilawula ukushintshwa kwesimo sokuthintana kwe-NC ngokulawula i-coil yamanje ivuliwe noma ivaliwe. isimo; futhi lapho ikhoyili iphelelwa amandla, abathintwayo babuyela esimweni sabo sokuvala esimisiwe.Lokhu kusebenzisana kuvumela i-relay ukuthi ifeze ukushintsha kwamandla ngaphandle kokulawula ngokuqondile isekethe yamandla aphezulu, ngaleyo ndlela ivikele amanye amadivaysi kusekethi. ubudlelwano phakathi koxhumana nabo be-NC namakhoyili buhlinzeka ngendlela yokulawula eguquguqukayo yokusebenza kwamasistimu okulawula kagesi, asetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo zezimboni nemishini yezimoto.

5.Izicelo Zoxhumana Nabo Be-NC Eziyingini Ezihlukene

5.1 Ukusetshenziswa okungokoqobo koxhumana nabo be-NC ezinhlotsheni ezihlukene zamasekhethi

Othintana nabo be-NC (Ngokuvamile Bavalwe) badlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwesifunda.Ngokujwayelekile kumasekhethi adluliswayo noma ashintshwayo, othintana nabo be-NC babanjwe "indawo evaliwe" ukuze i-current ikwazi ukugeleza lapho inganikeziwe amandla, futhi kwezinye izilungiselelo eziyisisekelo zesekethe, othintana nabo be-NC baqinisekisa. ukuthi idivayisi ihlala isebenza uma ingatholi isignali yokulawula.Kwezinye izilungiselelo eziyisisekelo zesekethe, othintana naye we-NC uqinisekisa ukuthi idivayisi ihlala isebenza uma ingatholakali isignali yokulawula. ukuxhunywa kokuxhumana kwe-NC kusekethe yamandla kuqinisekisa ukugeleza kwamanje kokuvikela ugesi okuyisisekelo, futhi othintana naye we-NC unqamula okwamanje lapho isekethe inqanyulwa, ivimbela ukulayishwa ngokweqile kwesekethe, isibonelo, nokuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwesistimu.

Oxhumana nabo be-5.2NC abalawulayo, amasistimu we-alamu, okokusebenza okuzenzakalelayo

Kumasistimu okulawula, amasistimu we-alamu nezinto ezizenzakalelayo, abathintwayo be-NC bahlinzeka ngokuvikeleka kwesekethe okuthembekile.Ngokujwayelekile, abathintwayo be-NC bavula isistimu ye-alamu ngokuhlala bevaliwe uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kwamandla noma ukuphazamiseka kwesignali yokulawula.Ama-relay axhunywe kumjikelezo ngokusebenzisa abathintwayo be-NC. futhi uma uhlelo lucushiwe noma amandla elahlekile, othintana nabo be-NC bashintshela ngokuzenzakalelayo esimweni "esivulekile" (oxhumana nabo abavulekile), bamise i-alamu.Izisetshenziswa zenzelwe ukusebenzisa othintana nabo be-NC ukuvikela. okokusebenza okuzenzakalelayo okubalulekile lapho engekho amandla, izinqubo zokulawula okuzenzakalelayo, nokuqinisekisa ukuvalwa okuphephile kwemishini uma kunesimo esiphuthumayo.

5.3 Ukubaluleka koxhumana nabo be-NC ekumisweni okuphuthumayo kanye nezinhlelo zokuvikela ukwehluleka kwamandla

Ezimweni eziphuthumayo zokuvala shaqa kanye nezinhlelo zokuvikela ukwehluleka kwamandla, ukubaluleka koxhumana nabo be-NC akunakunakwa.Uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kwamandla wesistimu noma isimo esiphuthumayo, isimo esizenzakalelayo sokuxhumana kwe-NC sivaliwe, kugcina isifunda sivaliwe ukuze sikwazi ukuphendula ngokushesha uma kwenzeka kuphazamiseka isignali yokulawula.Lokhu kumiswa kubaluleke kakhulu ezintweni ezisetshenziswa ezimbonini nasezinhlelweni zokuphepha ngoba kunikeza ukuvikeleka ekuhlulekeni kwamandla ezimeni ezingalindelekile. Oxhumana nabo be-NC bavaliwe, okuqinisekisa ukuthi okokusebenza kuyeka ukusebenza ngokuphepha.Lokhu kuklama kusetshenziselwa kakhulu ezindaweni zokusebenza ezinobungozi obukhulu futhi kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabasebenzi kanye nemishini.

6.Izinzuzo kanye Nemikhawulo Yoxhumana Nabo Be-NC

6.1 Izinzuzo zoxhumana nabo be-NC ezinhlelweni ezidluliswayo, isb. ukwethembeka uma amandla ehluleka

Oxhumana Nabo Be-NC (Oxhumana Nabo Abavamise Ukuvala) kuma-relay bathembeke kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma amandla engasebenzi.Oxhumene nabo be-NC kuma-relay banekhono lokuhlala Besendaweni Evaliwe uma kungekho ukugeleza kwamanje, okuqinisekisa ukuthi amasekhethi angaqhubeka nokuba khona. inikwe amandla, okuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu emandleni nasezinhlelweni zokulawula.Lapho ikhoyili ye-relay (Ikhoyili ye-Relay) iphelelwa amandla, yamanje isengakwazi ukugeleza ngokuthintana kwe-NC, okuvumela okokusebenza okubalulekile ukuthi kuhlale. iyasebenza uma kwenzeka ukuphelelwa amandla kungazelelwe.Ngaphezu kwalokho, othintana nabo be-NC bagcina ukugeleza kagesi okuzinzile Kugeleza lapho Oxhumana nabo bevaliwe, ukuvimbela ukuvalwa okungahleliwe.Lesi sici sibalulekile ezinhlelweni ezidinga ukuphepha nokuzinza, njengamakheshi nokukhanyisa izimo eziphuthumayo. izinhlelo.

6.2Imikhawulo yokuxhumana ne-NC, isb imikhawulo ebangeni lesicelo kanye nokwehluleka ukuthintana okungenzeka

Nakuba othintana nabo be-NC besetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlelo zokusebenza ekulawuleni isifunda, banemikhawulo ethile kububanzi bohlelo lwabo lokusebenza.Njengoba othintana nabo be-NC bangahlupheka ngenxa yokuxhumana okungalungile phakathi nenqubo yokuxhumana, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinama-voltage aphezulu noma okushintsha njalo, ukwehluleka kokuxhumana. kungabangela ukugeleza kwamanje okungalawuleki, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte ukusebenza okuvamile kwesistimu.Ngaphezu kwalokho, othintana nabo be-NC (Oxhumana Nabo Abavalekile) bangasebenza kuphela ngaphakathi kwe-voltage ethile kanye nobubanzi bomthwalo wamanje, ngaphezu kwalokho. i-relay ingase yonakaliswe noma yehluleke.Ezinhlelweni ezidinga ukushintshwa njalo, othintana nabo be-NC bangase bangahlali isikhathi eside futhi bathembeke njengezinye izinhlobo zoxhumana nabo, ngakho izimo ezithile kanye nemikhawulo engenzeka kufanele kucatshangelwe lapho kukhethwa i-relay.

6.3 Izici zemvelo kanye nezidingo zokusebenza okufanele zicatshangelwe koxhumana nabo be-NC ezinhlelweni ezihlukene

Uma usebenzisa othintana nabo be-NC, kubalulekile ukucabangela umthelela Wezinto Ezingokwemvelo ekusebenzeni kwazo.Isibonelo, ezindaweni ezinomswakama, ezinothuli noma ezigqwalayo, othintana nabo be-NC (Ngokujwayelekile I-NC Evaliwe) bathambekele kakhulu ekubeni ne-oxidation noma izinkinga zokuxhumana ezimbi, ezinganciphisa ukwethembeka kwazo.Ukwehluka kwezinga lokushisa nakho kungathinta umsebenzi wabathintana nabo be-NC, futhi ukushisa okukhulu kungabangela abathintwayo ukuba banamathele noma bahluleke.Ngakho-ke, ohlelweni lokusebenza oluhlukile. izimo, ukukhethwa kwama-relay kudinga ukwenziwa ngendlela oyifisayo endaweni yokusebenza yoxhumana naye we-NC, okuhlanganisa izinto zekesi, amazinga okuvikela, njll.Ngaphezu kwalokho, abathintwayo be-NC badinga ukuhlangabezana nezimfuneko zokusebenza kwemishini yohlelo lokusebenza, njengomthamo wamanje wokuthwala nokuqina komshini. , ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekile kwesikhathi eside.

7.Isiphetho kanye nesifinyezo

7.1 Indima eyinhloko kanye nokubaluleka koxhumana nabo be-NC ekusebenzeni kokudluliselwa

Oxhumana nabo be-NC (ngokuvamile abavaliwe) badlala indima ebalulekile kuma-relay.Lapho i-relay isesimweni sokungasebenzi, othintana naye we-NC usendaweni evaliwe, okuvumela okwamanje ukuthi kudlule isekethe futhi kugcine ukusebenza okuvamile kwedivayisi.Indima yayo emaphakathi ukusiza i-relay ukushintsha isekethe ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene ngokulawula ukushintsha kwamandla.Ngokujwayelekile, othintana naye we-NC usetshenziselwa ukugcina ukuzinza kwesifunda uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kwe-relay.I-NO kanye ne-NC ye-relay. abathintwayo banika amandla ukulawula okunembile kwamadivayisi namasekhethi ngokushintsha njalo, okuvumela ukudluliswa kwedatha ukuthi kudlale indima ebalulekile ezinhlelweni ezihlukene.

7.2NCO Oxhumana Nabo Ekuphepheni, Ukulawulwa Kwezimo Eziphuthumayo nokubamba Kwamanje Okuqhubekayo

Oxhumana nabo be-NC bavame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokuphepha nezimo eziphuthumayo, njengama-alamu omlilo kanye nemishini yokuvikela kagesi.Kulezi zinhlelo, othintana nabo be-NC bayakwazi ukugcina okwamanje kuvuliwe noma kuvaliwe uma kwenzeka iphutha lesifunda noma isimo esiphuthumayo, ukuvikela okokusebenza Ukulimala.Ngenxa yesimo sabo esizenzakalelayo sokuvala, othintana nabo be-NC baphinde basetshenziswe kakhulu ezintweni ezisebenza ngokuqhubekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amasekhethi ahlala esesimweni esiphephile uma kungekho okokufaka kwesignali.Kulezi zinhlelo zokusebenza, othintana nabo be-NC bahlinzeka ngokubalulekile. indima yokuvikela impahla kagesi ekulimaleni kwengozi.

7.3 Ukuqondisisa kwama-relay nemithetho yokuxhumana kungasiza kanjani ekuthuthukiseni idizayini yesekethe nokuxazulula inkinga

Ukuqonda okujulile kwama-relay nezimiso zabo zokuxhumana, ikakhulukazi ukuziphatha koxhumana nabo be-NO kanye ne-NC, kusiza onjiniyela bathuthukise idizayini yesifunda ukuze baqinisekise ukwethembeka nokusebenza kahle kwamasistimu kagesi. Ulwazi lokuthi oxhumana nabo abadluliswayo bavula futhi bavale futhi bagcine isimo sabo ngaphansi izimo ezahlukene zamandla kagesi kanye nomthwalo zingasiza abaklami ukuba bakhethe uhlobo olufaneleka kakhulu lokuxhumana, ngaleyo ndlela banciphise ingozi yokwehluleka.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqonda isimiso sokusebenza soxhumana nabo abadluliswayo nakho kungasiza ochwepheshe bathole ngokushesha isifunda. amaphutha, gwema umsebenzi wokulungisa ongadingekile, futhi uthuthukise ukuzinza nokuphepha kokusebenza kwesistimu.