1.Intshayelelo kuNxibelelwano lwabafowunelwa

1.1 Intshayelelo kwisakhiwo esisisiseko kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza weelayidi

I-relay sisixhobo sokutshintsha i-elektroniki esisebenzisa imigaqo ye-electromagnetic ukulawula isekethe kwaye idla ngokusetyenziswa kwiisekethi zombane ophantsi ukulawula ukusebenza kwezixhobo zamandla ombane aphezulu. Ulwakhiwo olusisiseko lwe-relay lubandakanya ikhoyili, undoqo wentsimbi, iqela loqhagamshelwano kunye i-spring.Xa i-coil inikwe amandla, i-electromagnetic force yenziwe ukutsala i-armature, eqhuba iqela loqhagamshelwano ukuba litshintshe urhulumente kwaye livale okanye liphule i-circuit.Relays ziyakwazi ukulawula ngokuzenzekelayo ngaphandle kwencwadana. ukungenelela kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo ezizenzekelayo, iinkqubo zokulawula kunye neesekethe zokukhusela ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kunye nokhuseleko lwangoku.

1.2chaza iindidi zabafowunelwa kwireyiti, ugxininisa iikhonsepthi "NC" (Evalwe ngokuqhelekileyo) kunye "NO" (Evula Ngokuqhelekileyo) abafowunelwa

Iindidi zoqhagamshelwano zonxibelelwano zidla ngokuhlelwa kwi-"NC" (Evalwe Ngokuqhelekileyo) kunye ne "NO" (Ngokuqhelekileyo iVulekile). Abafowunelwa abaqhelekileyo abavaliweyo (NC) bathetha ukuba xa i-relay ingekho amandla, abafowunelwa bavalwe ngokungagqibekanga kwaye okwangoku banokudlula. nge; emva kokuba i-coil ye-relay inamandla, abafowunelwa be-NC baya kuvula.Ngokwahlukileyo, uqhagamshelwano oluqhelekileyo oluvulekileyo (NO) luvulekile xa i-relay ingenamandla, kwaye i-NO contact ivala xa i-coil inamandla.Olu yilo loqhagamshelwano luvumela ukuhanjiswa lawula ngokuguquguqukayo i-on-off yangoku kumazwe ahlukeneyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zolawulo nokhuseleko.

1.3Basebenza njani abafowunelwa beNC kwiiRelays

Ugxininiso lweli phepha luya kuba kwindlela ethile yokusebenza yoqhagamshelwano lweNC kwii-relays, ezidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiisekethe zokudlulisa, ngakumbi kwiimeko apho kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba iisekethe ziyaqhubeka ziqhuba okanye zigcina umgangatho othile wokusebenza isiganeko sokungaphumeleli kwamandla kaxakeka.Siza kujongisisa indlela abafowunelwa be-NC basebenza ngayo, indlela abaziphatha ngayo kwizicelo zehlabathi zangempela, kunye nendlela abadlala ngayo indima ekulawuleni, ekukhuseleni, kunye nezixhobo ezizenzekelayo, ukuvumela okwangoku. ukuhamba ukuze uhlale ukhuselekile kwaye uzinzile kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.

2.Ukuqonda abafowunelwa beNC (Edla Ngokuvalwa).

2.1Inkcazo yoqhagamshelwano lwe "NC" kunye nomgaqo wayo wokusebenza

Igama elithi "NC" uqhagamshelwano (uQhagamshelwano oluqhelekileyo oluvaliweyo) libhekisela kuqhagamshelwano oluthi, kwimeko yalo engagqibekanga, luhlala luvaliwe, luvumela i-current ukuba ihambe kuyo.Kwi-relay, uqhagamshelwano lwe-NC lukwindawo evaliweyo xa i-coil relay ingekho. amandla, okuvumela ukuba i-current iqhube ngokuqhubekayo kwisekethe. Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswe kwiinkqubo zokulawula ezifuna ukuhamba kwangoku ukuba kugcinwe kwimeko yokungaphumeleli kombane, oonxibelelwano be-NC benzelwe ukuvumela ukuba i-current iqhubeke ihamba "imeko engagqibekanga" xa i-relay ingenawo amandla, kwaye olu lungelelwaniso lokuhamba lwangoku lusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizixhobo ezininzi ezizenzekelayo kwaye yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-relay.

2.2Abafowunelwa be-NC bavaliwe xa kungekho okwangoku ojikelezayo kwikhoyili ye-relay.

Abafowunelwa be-NC bayingqayizivele kuba bahlala bevaliwe xa i-coil ye-relay ingenawo amandla, ngaloo ndlela igcina indlela yangoku. Ekubeni imeko ye-coil ye-relay ilawula ukuvulwa nokuvalwa koqhagamshelwano lwe-NC, oku kuthetha ukuba nje ukuba ikhoyili ayinikwanga amandla, yangoku iya kuhamba ngabafowunelwa abavaliweyo.Olu lungelelwaniso lubalulekile kwimiba yesicelo apho udibaniso lwesekethe lufuna ukugcinwa kwimeko engenamandla, njengezixhobo zokhuseleko kunye namandla okugcina. ii-systems.NC zoqhagamshelwano ezenzelwe ngolu hlobo zivumela ukuba i-current iqiniswe xa inkqubo yokulawula ingaxhaswanga, iqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwezixhobo kuwo onke amazwe.

2.3Umahluko phakathi koqhagamshelwano lwe-NC kunye AKUKHO uqhagamshelwano

Umahluko phakathi kwabafowunelwa be-NC (abafowunelwa abaqhelekileyo abavaliweyo) kunye no-NO abafowunelwa (abadla ngokuvula abafowunelwa) yi "default state" yabo; Abafowunelwa be-NC bavalwa ngokungagqibekanga, ngokuvumela ukuhamba kwangoku, ngelixa AKUKHO abafowunelwa bavalwa ngokungagqibekanga, ukuvala kuphela xa i-coil yokudlulisa i-energized.Lo mahluko unika izicelo ezahlukeneyo kwiisekethe zombane. uqhagamshelwano lwe-NC lusetyenziselwa ukugcina i-current flowing xa ifowuni i-de-energized, ngelixa i-NO contact isetyenziselwa ukuqala okwangoku kuphela phantsi kweemeko ezithile.Ukusetyenziswa ngokudibeneyo, ezi ntlobo zimbini zoqhagamshelwano zinika i-relays flexible control circuit, ukubonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. yokhetho lokulawula izixhobo ezinzima.

3.Indima yoQhagamshelwano lwe-NC kwiNdlela yokuSebenza ye-Relay

3.1Indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kweereyidi

Kwii-relays, i-NC (Evalwe ngokuqhelekileyo) i-contact idlala indima ebalulekileyo, ngokukodwa ekulawuleni ukuhamba kwangoku.Uqhagamshelwano lwe-NC lwe-relay luyakwazi ukuhlala luvaliwe xa umbane ucinyiwe, ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-current iyaqhubeka ihamba ngendlela engagqibekanga. imeko yesekethe.Olu luyilo luthintela izixhobo zokuphazamisa ukusebenza xa kwenzeka ukusilela kwamandla ngokukhawuleza.Uyilo lwabafowunelwa be-NC kwii-relays luyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yolawulo lokutshintsha. Uqhagamshelwano oluqhelekileyo oluvaliweyo lunceda ukuhamba kwangoku ukwenzela ukuba inkqubo yombane igcine uxhulumaniso xa ingasebenzi, iqinisekisa ukuzinza nokuthembeka kwenkqubo.

3.2Indlela yokubonelela ngendlela eqhubekayo ngoku kulawulo lwesekethe

Uqhagamshelwano lwe-NC lusetyenziswa kwii-relays ukubonelela indlela eqhubekayo yangoku ngokusebenzisa isiphaluka, eyona ndlela ibalulekileyo yokulawula ngokuzenzekelayo.Ngesenzo se-coil ye-relay, oonxibelelwano be-NC bahlala bevaliwe kwimeko engasebenziyo, evumela ukuba i-current ihambe ngokukhululekileyo.Relay iiswitshi ezivaliweyo ngokuqhelekileyo ziqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kolawulo lwesekethe kwaye zixhaphake ngokukodwa kwizixhobo zoshishino kunye nezicelo ze-automation zasekhaya.Ukuhamba okuqhubekayo kweendlela zangoku kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungaphazanyiswa kwezixhobo xa kuyimfuneko kwaye umsebenzi ongenakubuyiselwa wokuhanjiswa kulawulo lwesekethe.

3.3Izicelo kwiisekethe zokhuseleko kunye neesekethe zikaxakeka ngenxa yokuba zigcina iisekethe xa kwenzeka umbane

Uqhagamshelwano lwe-NC lubaluleke kakhulu kukhuseleko kunye neesekethe ezingxamisekileyo ngenxa yokuba zikwazi ukuhlala zivaliwe kwaye zigcine ukuhamba kwangoku xa umbane ungasebenzi. ukunikezelwa kombane kuphazamisekile, ukuphepha ubungozi obunokubakho.Uqhagamshelwano lwe-NC lwe-relays lunceda ukugcina uxhulumaniso lweesekethe zesistim ngexesha likaxakeka kwaye luyingxenye ebalulekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka nokusebenza kwezixhobo zoshishino kunye nokhuseleko.

4.UQhagamshelwano lweNC lusebenza njani ngeRelay Coil

4.1Imo yokusebenza yabafowunelwa be-NC xa i-coil ye-relay inikwe amandla kwaye i-de-energized

Umnxeba we-NC (uQhagamshelwano oluqhelekileyo oluvaliweyo) we-relay uhlala uvaliwe xa i-coil i-de-energized.Oku kuthetha ukuba i-current inokuhamba ngoqhagamshelwano oluvaliweyo, ishiya i-circuit edibeneyo.Xa i-coil ye-relay inikwe amandla, i-NC itshintshile. kwindawo evulekileyo, ngaloo ndlela iphazamisa ukuhamba kwangoku.Olu kutshintshwa kwamazwe asebenzayo yindlela ephambili kwiisekethe zokulawula i-relay.Uqhagamshelwano lwe-NC luhlala luvaliwe kwindawo yokuphumla, ngoko isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuyilo lwesekethe. izicelo ezifuna ukuhamba kwangoku ukuba kugcinwe ngokungagqibekanga, njengeenkqubo ezithile zokhuseleko, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iisekethe zihlala zixhunyiwe xa kwenzeka umbane.

4.2 Xa i-coil ye-relay inikwe amandla, i-NC contact ikhefu njani, ngoko ukusika isekethe

Xa i-coil ye-relay inamandla, i-NC idibanisa ngokukhawuleza itshintshela kwi-state evulekileyo, ikhusela ukuhamba kwangoku.Xa inikwe amandla, i-relay magnetic field isebenza ukutshintshwa koqhagamshelwano, okubangela ukuba uqhagamshelwano lwe-NC luvule. ukuvumela ukuba isiphaluka sinqanyulwe.Ukutshintshwa koqhagamshelwano lwe-NC kuvumela ukuba isiphaluka silawulwe ngokufanelekileyo kwizicelo ezithile zokukhusela izixhobo.Kwiisekethe eziyinkimbinkimbi, le nkqubo yokutshintsha kweNC. uqhagamshelwano ngokuzenzekelayo ukulawula kwaye uqinisekisa ukuba isiphaluka sinqunyulwa ngokukhawuleza xa kufuneka siphulwe, ngaloo ndlela kwandisa ukuthembeka kunye nokhuseleko lwesekethe.

4.3Ubudlelwane kunye nokusebenzisana phakathi koqhagamshelwano lweNC kunye nokusebenza kwekhoyili ye-relay

Kukho unxibelelwano olusondeleyo phakathi koqhagamshelwano lwe-NC kunye ne-relay coil.I-relay ilawula ukutshintshwa kwelizwe loqhagamshelwano lwe-NC ngokulawula i-coil yangoku kunye nokucima.Xa i-coil inikwe amandla, abafowunelwa be-NC batshintshela kwimeko evaliweyo ukuya kwindawo evulekileyo. urhulumente kwaye xa i-coil i-de-energized, abafowunelwa babuyela kwimeko yabo evaliweyo engagqibekanga.Olu nxibelelwano luvumela i-relay ukuba ifezekise ukutshintshwa kwangoku ngaphandle kokulawula ngokuthe ngqo i-circuit yamandla aphezulu, ngaloo ndlela ikhusela ezinye izixhobo kwisekethe.Ngale ndlela, i ubudlelwane phakathi kwabafowunelwa be-NC kunye neekhoyili zibonelela ngendlela yokulawula eguquguqukayo yokusebenza kweenkqubo zokulawula umbane, ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo zoshishino kunye neemoto.

5.Ukusetyenziswa koQhagamshelwano lweNC kwiiSekethe ezahlukeneyo

5.1 Ukusetyenziswa okusebenzayo koqhagamshelwano lweNC kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zeesekethe

Uqhagamshelwano lwe-NC ( Ngokuqhelekileyo luvaliwe) ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kuyilo lwesekethe. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-relay okanye kwiisekethe zokutshintsha, oonxibelelwano be-NC babanjwe "kwindawo evaliweyo" ukwenzela ukuba i-current ikwazi ukuhamba xa ingenamandla, kwaye kwezinye iinqununu zesekethe ezisisiseko, oonxibelelwano be-NC baqinisekisa. Ukuba isixhobo sihlala sisebenza xa singafumani mqondiso wolawulo.Kolunye ulungelelwaniso lwesekethe esisiseko, umfowunelwa weNC uqinisekisa ukuba isixhobo sihlala sisebenza xa kungekho mqondiso wolawulo ufunyanwayo. ukudityaniswa koqhagamshelwano lwe-NC kwisekethe yamandla iqinisekisa ukuhamba kwangoku kukhuseleko lombane olusisiseko, kwaye uqhagamshelwano lwe-NC lunqumla i-current xa isiphaluka sinqanyuliwe, ukuthintela ukugqithiswa kwesiphaluka, umzekelo, kunye nokuphucula ukhuseleko lwenkqubo.

Uqhagamshelwano lwe-5.2NC ekulawuleni, iisistim ze-alamu, izixhobo ezizenzekelayo

Kwiinkqubo zokulawula, iinkqubo ze-alamu kunye nezixhobo ezizenzekelayo, oonxibelelwano be-NC babonelela ngokuthembekileyo ukhuseleko lwesekethe.Ngokuqhelekileyo, oonxibelelwano be-NC bavula inkqubo ye-alamu ngokuhlala ivaliwe xa kwenzeka ukungaphumeleli kombane okanye ukuphazamiseka kokulawula umqondiso. kwaye xa inkqubo ivuliwe okanye amandla elahlekile, abafowunelwa beNC batshintshela ngokuzenzekelayo kwimeko "evulekileyo" (abafowunelwa abavulekileyo), bamise i-alarm.Izixhobo zenzelwe ukusebenzisa oonxibelelwano beNC ukukhusela. izixhobo ezizisebenzelayo ezibalulekileyo ngokungabikho kwamandla, iinkqubo zokulawula ngokuzenzekelayo, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuvalwa okukhuselekileyo kwezixhobo xa kukho imeko engxamisekileyo.

5.3 Ukubaluleka koqhagamshelwano lweNC kwi-stop stop kunye neenkqubo zokukhusela umbane

Kwiinkqubo zokuvala ngokukhawuleza kunye nokukhusela umbane wokungaphumeleli, ukubaluleka koqhagamshelwano lwe-NC alukwazi ukuhoywa.Xa kwenzeka umbane wenkqubo okanye unxunguphalo, imeko engagqibekanga yoqhagamshelwano lweNC ivaliwe, igcina isiphaluka ivaliwe ukuze iphendule ngokukhawuleza. isiganeko sokuphazamiseka kwisignali yokulawula.Olu lungelelwaniso lubaluleke kakhulu kwizixhobo zoshishino kunye neenkqubo zokhuseleko kuba zibonelela ngokhuseleko ekungaphumeleli kwamandla kwiimeko ezingalindelekanga.Kwezi zicelo, ukucima amandla e-relay coil kuya kugcina Uqhagamshelwano lwe-NC luvaliwe, ukuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo ziyeka ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo.Olu luyilo lusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezinobungozi obuphezulu kwaye luyimilinganiselo ebalulekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi kunye nezixhobo.

6.Izinto eziluncedo kunye neMida yoQhagamshelwano lweNC

6.1 Izinto eziluncedo zoqhagamshelwano lweNC kwizicelo zokuhanjiswa, umz. ukuthembeka kwimeko yokusilela kombane.

Abafowunelwa be-NC (abaQhagamshelwa abaqhele ukuValwa) kwii-relay bathembeke kakhulu, ngakumbi xa umbane usikelelekile. AbaQhagamshelwa be-NC kwii-relay banakho ukuhlala kwiNdawo evaliweyo xa kungekho mqukuqelo wangoku, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iisekethe zinokuqhubeka nokubakho. inikwe amandla, eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kwiinkqubo zamandla kunye nokulawula.Xa i-coil ye-relay (i-Relay Coil) i-de-energized, i-current isenokuthi ihambe ngoqhagamshelwano lwe-NC, ivumela izixhobo ezibalulekileyo ukuba zihlale. ukusebenza kwimeko yokulahlekelwa ngamandla ngokukhawuleza.Ukongezelela, abafowunelwa be-NC bagcina ukuhamba kombane ngokuzinzileyo Ukuhamba xa uQhagamshelwano oluvaliweyo, ukuthintela ukuvalwa okungacwangciswanga.Olu phawu lubaluleke kakhulu kwizicelo ezifuna ukhuseleko kunye nokuzinza, ezifana ne-elevators kunye nokukhanya okungxamisekileyo. iinkqubo.

6.2Unyino kuqhagamshelwano lweNC, umz

Nangona abafowunelwa be-NC besetyenziselwa uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo kulawulo lwesekethe, banemida ethile kwimida yabo yesicelo.Ukusukela ukuba oonxibelelwano be-NC banokubandezeleka ngenxa yokunxibelelana kakubi ngexesha lenkqubo yoqhagamshelwano, ngokukodwa kwiindawo eziphakamileyo zombane okanye zokutshintsha rhoqo, ukungaphumeleli koqhagamshelwano. kunokubangela ukuhamba kwangoku okungazinzanga, ngaloo ndlela kuchaphazela ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwenkqubo.Ukongezelela, oonxibelelwano be-NC (abaQhagamshelwa abaQhelekileyo abaVavalwayo) banokusebenza kuphela ngaphakathi kombane othile kunye noluhlu lomthwalo lwangoku, ngaphaya koko. i-relay ingonakaliswa okanye ingaphumeleli.Kwizicelo ezifuna ukutshintshwa rhoqo, oonxibelelwano be-NC abanakho ukuhlala ixesha elide kwaye banokwethenjelwa njengezinye iintlobo zoqhagamshelwano, ngoko ke iimeko ezithile kunye nokunciphisa okunokwenzeka kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo xa ukhetha i-relay.

6.3 Imiba yokusingqongileyo kunye neemfuno zokusebenza eziza kuqwalaselwa kuqhagamshelwano lweNC kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo

Xa usebenzisa abafowunelwa be-NC, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela impembelelo yeMiba yokusiNgqongileyo ekusebenzeni kwabo.Ngokomzekelo, kwiindawo ezinomswakama, ezinothuli okanye ezinqabileyo, oonxibelelwano be-NC ( Ngokuqhelekileyo bavalwe i-NC) baxhomekeke kwi-oxidation okanye imiba yoqhagamshelwano olubi, enokunciphisa. ukuthembeka kwabo.Ukutshintsha kobushushu kunokuchaphazela umsebenzi wabafowunelwa beNC, kwaye ubushushu obugqithisileyo bunokubangela ukuba abafowunelwa banamathele okanye basilele.Ngoko ke, kwisicelo esahlukileyo. iimeko, ukukhethwa kwee-relays kufuneka kulungiselelwe indawo yokusebenza ye-NC yoqhagamshelwano, kubandakanywa izinto zecala, amanqanaba okukhusela, njl. Ukongeza, oonxibelelwano be-NC kufuneka bahlangabezane neemfuno zokusebenza kwezixhobo zesicelo, ezifana nomthwalo wangoku kunye nokuqina komatshini. , ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kwexesha elide.

7.Isiphelo kunye nesiShwankathelo

7.1 Indima ephambili kunye nokubaluleka koqhagamshelwano lwe-NC ekusebenzeni kwe-relay

I-NC (ngokuqhelekileyo ivaliwe) oonxibelelwano badlala indima ebalulekileyo kwii-relays.Xa i-relay ikwimeko engasebenziyo, uqhagamshelwano lwe-NC lukwindawo evaliweyo, evumela ukuba i-current idlule kwisiphaluka kwaye igcine ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwesixhobo.Indima yayo ephakathi kukunceda utshintshe i-relay utshintshe isiphaluka phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo ngokulawula ukutshintshwa kwangoku. Ngokuqhelekileyo, uqhagamshelwano lwe-NC lusetyenziselwa ukugcina ukuzinza kwesiphaluka kwimeko yokungaphumeleli kwe-relay.I-relay ye-NO kunye ne-NC abafowunelwa benza ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwezixhobo kunye neesekethe ngokutshintsha rhoqo, ukuvumela i-relay idlale indima ebalulekileyo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezicelo.

7.2Nxibelelwano lweNC kuKhuseleko, uLawulo oluNgxamisekileyo kunye nokubamba ngokuqhubekayo

Uqhagamshelwano lwe-NC lusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiinkqubo zokhuseleko kunye nolawulo olungxamisekileyo, ezifana nezilumkiso zomlilo kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela umbane.Kule nkqubo, oonxibelelwano be-NC bayakwazi ukugcina ikhoyo ngoku evulekileyo okanye evaliweyo xa kwenzeka iphutha lesiphaluka okanye likaxakeka, ukukhusela izixhobo ukusuka. umonakalo.Ngenxa yesimo sabo esivaliweyo esivaliweyo, abafowunelwa be-NC basetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizixhobo ezinokubamba ngokuqhubekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iisekethe zihlala zikwimeko ekhuselekileyo xa kungekho galelo lomqondiso.Kwezi zicelo, oonxibelelwano be-NC babonelela ngokubaluleka okubalulekileyo. indima yokukhusela izixhobo zombane kumonakalo wengozi.

7.3 Indlela yokuqonda iireyilayi kunye nemigaqo yoqhagamshelwano yazo enokunceda ukuphucula uyilo lwesekethe kunye nokusombulula ingxaki

Ukuqonda okunzulu kwee-relays kunye nemigaqo yabo yokunxibelelana, ngokukodwa ukuziphatha kwe-NO kunye ne-NC yoqhagamshelwano, inceda iinjineli ziphucule idizayini yesiphaluka ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweenkqubo zombane. Umbane ohlukeneyo kunye neemeko zomthwalo zinokunceda abaqulunqi bakhethe olona hlobo lufanelekileyo loqhagamshelwano, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswa umngcipheko wokungaphumeleli. Ukongeza, ukuqonda umgaqo-siseko wokusebenza wabafowunelwa be-relay kunokunceda amagcisa afumane ngokukhawuleza isekethe. iimpazamo, ukuphepha umsebenzi ongeyomfuneko yokugcina, kunye nokuphucula uzinzo kunye nokhuseleko lwenkqubo yokusebenza.