Wazi njani ukuba i-relay iyasebenza

I. Intshayelelo

A. Inkcazo yeRelay

I-relay sisitshi sombane esilawulwa yenye isekethe yombane.Iqukethe ikhoyili eyenza intsimi yamagnetic kunye nesethi yabafowunelwa evula kwaye ivale ngokuphendula kwintsimi yamagnetic.Iireyilayi zisetyenziselwa ukulawula iisekethe zombane ezibandakanya imisinga ephezulu okanye i-voltages, okanye apho iinkqubo ezininzi kufuneka zilawulwe kumthombo omnye.

B. Ukubaluleka kweeRelays

Ukuhanjiswa yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeenkqubo ezininzi zombane.Banikezela ngendlela ekhuselekileyo nesebenzayo yokulawula iisekethe eziphezulu zangoku okanye zombane, kwaye zivumela ukulawulwa kweenkqubo ezininzi ukusuka kumthombo omnye.Iireyilayi zisetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo, kubandakanywa kwizithuthi, oomatshini boshishino, kunye nezixhobo zasekhaya.

C. Injongo yeSiqendu

Injongo yeli nqaku kukubonelela ngesishwankathelo sendlela yokusebenza kweereyilayi kunye nokucacisa indlela yokuvavanya ukuba i-relay iyasebenza okanye ayisebenzi.Iza kubonelela ngeengcebiso malunga nokusombulula ingxaki yereyidi engalunganga kwaye ibuyisele endaweni yayo ukuba kuyimfuneko.Ekupheleni kweli nqaku, abafundi kufuneka babe nokuqonda ngcono indlela iirelays ezisebenza ngayo kunye nendlela yokusombulula imiba eqhelekileyo yokudluliselwa.

II.Zisebenza njani iiRelays

A.Relay Components

Udluliselo luqulunqwe ngamacandelo aphambili aliqela.Ezi ziquka ikhoyili yokulawula, abafowunelwa, kunye ne-enclosure.Ikhoyili yokulawula ngokuqhelekileyo intambo yocingo eyenza intsimi yamagnetic xa ikhoyo ngoku ihamba ngayo.Abafowunelwa zizitshixo zombane ezivulayo nezivalayo ngokusabela kumhlaba wemagnethi.Indawo ebiyelweyo yicasing ekhuselayo egcina amacandelo erelay.

B. IiRelays zatshintsha njani iiSekethe zoMbane

Xa ikhoyo ngoku ihamba ngekhoyili yokulawula, idala intsimi yamagnetic edonsa abafowunelwa kunye okanye ibenze bahlukane.Le ntshukumo yabafowunelwa yinto evula okanye ivale isiphaluka sombane esilawulwa yi-relay.Iireyilayi zidla ngokusetyenziselwa ukulawula imijikelezo yangoku ephezulu okanye yombane, njengaleyo ifumaneka kwizithuthi okanye koomatshini bomzi-mveliso.

C. Iintlobo zeeRelays

Ukuhanjiswa kuza kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo, nganye ilungiselelwe usetyenziso oluthile.Nazi ezinye zezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zokuhanjiswa:

1.IiRelay zoMbane

Ukuhanjiswa kombane lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo lokuhanjiswa.Basebenza ngokusebenzisa i-electromagnetic ukuvula iswitshi, ethi emva koko ivule okanye ivale isekethe.Ukuhanjiswa kombane kunokuphatha amandla aphezulu kunye nombane, ubenze balungele usetyenziso lwemizi-mveliso, njengokuhanjiswa kweemoto kwibhokisi ye-fuse, ukuhanjiswa kwenjongo ngokubanzi.

2.Ugqithiso lweLizwe eliQingqileyo

I-Solid state relays (SSRs) zii-relays zombane ezisebenzisa i-semiconductor switch endaweni yoqhagamshelwano ngoomatshini.Zithembeke ngakumbi kwaye zinobomi obude kunokuhanjiswa kwe-electromagnetic, zizenza zilungele usetyenziso olufuna ukuthembeka okuphezulu.

3.Reed Relay

Ukuhanjiswa kweengcongolo kusebenzisa imagnethi ukuze kusebenze iswitshi.Zincinci kwaye zinezantya zokutshintsha ezikhawulezayo kunokuhanjiswa kombane, zizenza zilungele usetyenziso olunotshintsho oluphezulu.

4.IiRelay zeDiode

Iireyiyi zeDiode zisetyenziselwa ukukhusela izixhobo ze-elektroniki ezinovakalelo ukusuka kwi-voltage spikes ezinokubakho xa i-relay icinyiwe.Zikwasetyenziswa kwizicelo zeemoto ukukhusela umonakalo kwi-elektroniki yesithuthi.

5.Ukuhanjiswa kwePolarized

I-polarized relays isebenzisa i-magnetic field ukuze isebenze utshintsho, kodwa ifuna i-polarity ethile ukuze isebenze.Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziswa kwizicelo zeemoto, ezifana ne-air conditioning kunye ne-wiper windshield wipers.

6.Latching Relays

I-Latching relays isebenzisa i-pulse encinci yangoku ukuze kusebenze iswitshi, ethi emva koko ibambe endaweni de kusetyenziswe enye i-pulse yangoku.Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziswa kwizicelo ezifuna ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi.

7.Ixesha Ukulibaziseka Relays

Ukuhanjiswa kwexesha lokulibaziseka kusetyenziselwa ukulibazisa ukutshintshwa kwesekethe ixesha elithile.Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziswa kwizicelo ezifuna ukulibaziseka ngaphambi kokuvula okanye ukucima isekethe.

8.IiRelays eziThermal

Iireyilayi ze-Thermal zisebenzisa ubushushu njengendlela yokuqalisa.Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukukhusela ii-motor ekugqithiseni.

Ukuqukumbela, ukuqonda iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeereyilayi kunokukunceda ukhethe i-relay efanelekileyo kwisicelo sakho esithile.Kubalulekile ukukhetha uhlobo oluchanekileyo lwe-relay ukuqinisekisa ukuba luya kusebenza ngokufanelekileyo nangokuthembeka kwisekethe yakho.Ngokwazi amandla kunye nemida yohlobo ngalunye lwerelay, unokwenza isigqibo esinolwazi xa ukhetha ukuhanjiswa kweprojekthi yakho.

III.Iimpawu ze-Faulty Relay

A. Ukucofa iRelay

Enye yezona mpawu zixhaphakileyo zesilayidi esinempazamo sisandi sokucofa esisenzayo xa sicima okanye sicinywa.Nangona kunjalo, ukuba isandi sokucofa asihambelani okanye akukho sandi konke konke, oko kunokubonisa i-relay ephosakeleyo.

B. Izinto zoMbane aziSebenzi

Olunye uphawu lwe-relay ephosakeleyo kuxa iinxalenye zombane ezilawulwa yi-relay, ezifana ne-wiper windshield okanye i-air conditioning, ukuyeka ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo.Oku kungabonisa ukuba i-relay ayiphumelelanga ukuguqula okanye ukuvala isiphaluka sombane, ukuthintela inxalenye yombane ekufumaneni amandla.

C. Iigesi ezinokutsha okanye eziqhumayo

Ukuba i-relay ifakwe kwindawo eneegesi ezinokutsha okanye eziqhumayo, i-relay ephosakeleyo inokubangela ukuba ezi gesi zivutha, okukhokelela kwiinkxalabo ezinzulu zokhuseleko.Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukujonga rhoqo iireyiyiti kwezi ntlobo zemeko-bume ukuqinisekisa ukuba zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo.

D. Ukunyuka kwamandla

Iireyiyidi ziyilelwe ukukhusela ngokuchasene nokunyuka kwamandla kunye nezinye izitenxo zombane.Nangona kunjalo, i-relay ephosakeleyo inokungaphumeleli ukwenza oko, kubangele umonakalo kwizinto zombane okanye iinkqubo ezijoliswe ukukhusela.

E. Iisekethe ezimfutshane

I-relay ephosakeleyo ingabangela isiphaluka esifutshane, esinokubangela umonakalo kwi-wiring system okanye iqale umlilo.Kubalulekile ukukhangela rhoqo iireyiyidi zeempawu zomonakalo okanye ukuguga, kwaye uzibuyisele endaweni yazo ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba kubonwe naziphi na iingxaki.

Ngokuqaphela ezi mpawu, unokwazi ngokulula ukuba i-relay isebenza ngokufanelekileyo okanye ukuba ifuna ukutshintshwa ukuze kuthintelwe nawuphi na umonakalo okanye iingozi zokhuseleko.

IV.Ukuvavanya i-Relay

A. Amanyathelo okuvavanya i-Relay

Ukuvavanya i-relay yinkqubo elula enokwenziwa nangabakhandi abasafundayo.Nanga amanyathelo okuvavanya i-relay:

Susa i-relay kwi-electronics yesithuthi.

Jonga umzobo wocingo ukuze uchonge ikhoyili ye-relay kunye nezikhonkwane zokutshintsha.

Ukulinganisa ixabiso lokuchasana lee-terminal coil zolawulo lwe-relay kunye ne-multimeter.I-relay esebenzayo kufuneka ibonise ixabiso lokumelana phakathi koluhlu oluchazwe kwincwadana yomnini okanye incwadi yenkonzo.incwadi yenkonzo.

Jonga ixabiso lokuchasana lee-terminals zokutshintsha kwe-relay kunye ne-multimeter.Ixabiso loxhathiso kufuneka lingabinasiphelo xa i-relay ikhutshwa amandla kwaye zero xa isenziwa amandla.

Vavanya abafowunelwa be-relay ukuqhubekeka usebenzisa imowudi yokuqhubekeka ye-multimeter.

B. Uvavanyo ngeMultimeter

I-multimeter sisixhobo esiluncedo sokuvavanya ukuhanjiswa.Nantsi indlela yokuvavanya i-relay nge-multimeter:

Seta i-multimeter ukulinganisa amandla ombane we-DC.

Qhagamshela i-multimeter ye-positive lead kwi-terminal ye-coil yokulawula i-relay.

Qhagamshela i-multimeter ye-negative lead kwi-terminal ye-negative yebhetri.

Ukulinganisa amandla ebhetri.

Nika amandla i-relay ngokusebenzisa amandla kwikhoyili yokulawula usebenzisa i-jumper wire.

Ukulinganisa amandla ombane kwitheminali yokutshintsha irelay.Umbane kufuneka usondele kumbane webhetri ukuba i-relay isebenza kakuhle.

C. Uvavanyo ngeeNcingo zeJumper

Enye indlela yokuvavanya i-relay kukusebenzisa iingcingo ze-jumper.Nantsi indlela:

Susa i-relay kwi-electronics yesithuthi.

Qhagamshela ucingo olusuka kwitheminali eqinisekileyo yebhetri ukuya kwitheminali yokulawula ikhoyili yereyibhile.

Qhagamshela enye i-jumper wire esuka kwi-terminal engafanelekanga yebhetri ukuya kumhlaba wekhoyili wolawulo we-relay.

Mamela isandi sokucofa isilayidi, esibonisa ukuba siyasebenza.

Sebenzisa isibane sovavanyo ukujonga amandla kwizikhonkwane zokutshintsha zesilayidi.

Ngokulandela ezi ndlela zokuvavanya, unokugqiba ukuba i-relay isebenza ngokufanelekileyo okanye ifuna ukutshintshwa.

V. Ukulungisa ingxaki kwi-Faulty Relay

A. Ukuchonga Ingxaki

Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba une-relay ephosakeleyo, inyathelo lokuqala kukuchonga ingxaki.Jonga iimpawu zesilayidi esinempazamo, njengokucofa izandi okanye izinto zombane ezingasebenziyo.Ungasebenzisa kwakhona i-multimeter okanye iingcingo ze-jumper ukuvavanya i-relay.

B. Ukufumana iRelay echanekileyo

Nje ukuba uchonge i-relay engalunganga, kufuneka ufumane indawo echanekileyo.Jonga incwadi yomnini okanye incwadana yenkonzo yesithuthi sakho okanye isixokelelwano sombane ukuze ufumane isilayidi esichanekileyo.Qinisekisa ukuba ufumana uhlobo oluchanekileyo kunye nobukhulu be-relay kwisicelo sakho.incwadi yenkonzo yesithuthi sakho okanye inkqubo yombane ukufumana

C. Imizobo yeeNcingo

Jonga kwidayagram yeentambo zesithuthi sakho okanye isixokelelwano sombane ukuze ubone indawo yesilayidi esinempazamo kunye nokuba itsalwa njani na.Oku kuya kukunceda ukususa kunye nokubuyisela i-relay ngokuchanekileyo.

D. Ukutshintsha i-Faulty Relay

Ukutshintsha i-relay ephosakeleyo, okokuqala, qiniseka ukuba inkqubo ikhutshwe amandla.Emva koko, susa i-relay endala kwaye uyibuyisele entsha.Qinisekisa ukudibanisa i-relay entsha ngokuchanekileyo, ngokulandela umzobo wocingo.Vavanya isilayidi esitsha ukuze uqinisekise ukuba sisebenza ngokufanelekileyo.

VI.Ukuqukumbela

A. Ukuphinda kushwankathelwe ngamanqaku aphambili

Kweli nqaku, siye sagubungela iziseko zokuhanjiswa, indlela ezisebenza ngayo, kunye nendlela yokuxelela ukuba i-relay isebenza kakuhle.Siphinde saxoxa ngeempawu zesilayidi esinempazamo, indlela yokuvavanya kunye nokucombulula ingxaki kwireyidi, kunye nendlela yokubuyisela ireyiti ephosakeleyo.

B. Ukubaluleka koLondolozo lwarhoqo

Kubalulekile ukwenza ulungiso rhoqo kwisithuthi sakho okanye kwisixokelelwano sombane ukuthintela ukusilela kokuhanjiswa kombane.Oku kubandakanya ukujonga inkqubo yocingo, ukujonga ibhokisi ye-fuse, kunye nokuvavanya ii-relays ngamaxesha.Ukugcinwa rhoqo kunokukunceda ukuba uchonge iingxaki ezinokuthi zibe yingxaki enkulu.

C.Iingcamango Zokugqibela

Ukuqukumbela, kubalulekile ukuqonda umsebenzi kunye nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kokuhanjiswa kuyo nayiphi na inkqubo yombane.Ukukwazi ukuchonga nokuxilonga iireyidi ezinempazamo kunokonga ixesha, imali, kwanokuthintela iimeko eziyingozi.Ngokugcina rhoqo kwaye uvavanya iireyidi zakho, unokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kwesithuthi sakho okanye ezinye izixhobo zombane.Ngoncedo lweli nqaku, ngoku unokuqonda ngcono indlela yokuvavanya, ukulungisa ingxaki, kunye nokubuyisela iireyilayi ezingalunganga.Khumbula ukusoloko ujongana nencwadana yemigaqo yomnini, incwadi yenkonzo, kunye nemithetho yasekuhlaleni phambi kokuba uzame nawuphi na umsebenzi wombane ngokwakho.Hlala ukhuselekile kwaye ugcine iinkqubo zakho zombane zisebenza kakuhle.incwadi yenkonzo, kunye nemithetho yendawo.