I. Hordhac
A. Qeexida Gudbinta
Relay waa furaha korantada oo ay maamusho wareeg kale oo koronto ah. Waxa ay ka kooban tahay gariirad abuurta goob birlab ah iyo xidhidhyo xidhidhyo furan oo xidha iyada oo ka jawaabaysa goobta magnetic. Relays waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu xakameeyo wareegyada korantada ee ku lug leh qulqulka sare ama danabyada, ama meelaha nidaamyada badan loo baahan yahay in laga xakameeyo hal il.
B. Ahmiyada Relayska
Relaysku waa qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah habab koronto oo badan. Waxay bixiyaan hab badbaado leh oo hufan oo lagu xakameynayo wareegga sare ee hadda ama tamarta, waxayna u oggolaanayaan xakamaynta nidaamyada badan ee hal il keliya. Relays ayaa loo isticmaalaa codsiyo kala duwan, oo ay ku jiraan baabuurta, mishiinada warshadaha, iyo qalabka guriga.
C. Ujeedada Qodobka
Ujeedada maqaalkani waa in la bixiyo dulmar ku saabsan sida relaysyadu u shaqeeyaan iyo in la sharaxo sida loo tijaabiyo in gudbintu shaqaynayso iyo in kale. Waxa kale oo ay ku siin doontaa tilmaamo ku saabsan cilad-saarka gudbinta khaldan iyo beddelka haddii loo baahdo. Dhamaadka maqaalkan, akhristayaasha waa in ay si fiican u fahmaan sida uu u shaqeeyo relays iyo sida loo xalliyo arrimaha isu-gudbinta guud.
II. Sida Relays u shaqeeyo
A.Qaybaha Gudbinta
Relaysku waxay ka kooban yihiin dhawr qaybood oo muhiim ah. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah gariiradda xakamaynta, xiriirada, iyo xayndaabka. Gariiradda xakamaynta ayaa caadi ahaan ah gariiradda siliga ah ee abuurta goob birlab ah marka uu hadda dhex socdo. Xidhiidhyadu waa furayaasha korantada ee furma oo xidha iyagoo ka jawaabaya goobta magnetic. Xiritaanku waa daboolka difaaca ee ku jira qaybaha gudbinta.
B. Sida Relays u beddelo wareegyada Korontada
Marka uu hadda ku dhex socdo gariiradda kontoroolka, waxa uu abuuraa goob birlabeed ah oo isku jiidaya xiriirada ama kala fogeeya. Dhaqdhaqaaqa xiriiriyeyaasha ayaa ah waxa furaya ama xiraya wareegga korantada ee gudbintu ay maamusho. Relays ayaa sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalaa in lagu xakameeyo wareegyada hadda jira ama danabka, sida kuwa laga helo baabuurta ama mishiinada warshadaha.
C. Noocyada Relays
Relays waxay ku yimaadaan noocyo kala duwan, mid kasta oo loogu talagalay codsiyo gaar ah. Waa kuwan qaar ka mid ah noocyada ugu caansan ee relays:
1. Relays Electromagnetic
Relays Electromagnetic waa nooca ugu badan ee gudbinta. Waxay ku shaqeeyaan iyaga oo isticmaalaya koronto-magnet si ay u dhaqaajiyaan furaha, ka dibna shid ama damiya wareegga. Relays Electromagnetic waxay xamili kartaa awood sare iyo koronto, taasoo ka dhigaysa inay ku habboon yihiin codsiyada warshadaha, sida gawaarida gawaarida ee sanduuqa fiyuuska, gudbinta ujeedada guud
2. Isu-gudbinta Gobolka Adag
Relays State Solid State (SSRs) waa gudbin elektaroonik ah oo adeegsada furayaasha semiconductor halkii ay ka isticmaali lahaayeen xiriirada farsamada. Waa kuwo la isku halleyn karo waxayna leeyihiin cimri dheeri marka loo eego relays electromagnetic, taasoo ka dhigaysa inay ku habboon yihiin codsiyada u baahan kalsooni sare.
3. Reed Relays
Relays-ku-wareejinta waxay adeegsadaan goob birlab ah si ay u dhaqaajiyaan furaha. Way ka yar yihiin oo waxay leeyihiin xawaarahooda beddelka degdegga ah marka loo eego relays electromagnetic, taasoo ka dhigaysa inay ku habboon yihiin codsiyada leh wareegyada beddelka sare.
4. Diode Relays
Relays Diode waxa loo isticmaalaa in laga ilaaliyo qalabka elegtarooniga ah ee xasaasiga ah ka soo baxa danabyada kaas oo dhici kara marka gudbinta la damiyo. Waxa kale oo loo adeegsadaa codsiyada baabuurta si looga hortago waxyeelada soo gaadha qalabka elektiroonigga ah ee gaadhiga.
5. Relays
Relays polarised ayaa isticmaala dhul birlab ah si ay u dhaqaajiyaan furaha, laakiin waxay u baahan yihiin polarity gaar ah si ay u shaqeeyaan. Caadi ahaan waxaa loo adeegsadaa codsiyada baabuurta, sida qaboojiyaha iyo masarayaasha muraayadaha hore.
6. Latching Relays
Relays-ka dhejinta waxay isticmaalaan garaac yar oo hadda ah si ay u dhaqaajiyaan furaha, kaas oo markaa ku dhejinaya meesha ilaa garaaca garaaca kale ee hadda socda laga codsado. Waxay caadi ahaan loo isticmaalaa codsiyada u baahan isticmaalka tamarta hoose.
7. Dib u dhigista wakhtiga
Dib udhigista waqtiga waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu daahiyo wareejinta wareegga wakhti cayiman. Waxaa caadi ahaan loo adeegsadaa codsiyada u baahan dib u dhac ka hor inta aan la shidin ama la damin wareegga.
8. Isku-gudbinta kulaylka
Soo-celinta kulaylka waxay u isticmaashaa heerkulka sidii habka kicinta. Inta badan waxaa loo isticmaalaa in matoorada laga ilaaliyo kulaylka.
Gabagabadii, fahamka noocyada kala duwan ee relaysyada ayaa kaa caawin kara inaad doorato gudbinta saxda ah ee codsigaaga gaarka ah. Waa muhiim in la doorto nooca saxda ah ee gudbinta si loo hubiyo in ay si sax ah ugu shaqeyn doonto oo lagu kalsoonaan karo wareeggaaga. Adigoo og meelaha ay ku wanaagsan yihiin iyo meelaha ay ku xaddidan yihiin nooc kasta oo gudbin ah, waxaad samayn kartaa go'aan xog ogaal ah markaad dooranayso wareejinta mashruucaaga.
III. Calaamadaha Gudbinta Khaldan
A. Riixitaanka Relay
Mid ka mid ah calaamadaha ugu caansan ee gudbinta cilladaysan waa dhawaaqa gujinta ee uu sameeyo marka uu shido ama damo. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, haddii dhawaaqa gujinaya uu yahay mid aan iswaafaqayn ama uusan jirin wax dhawaaq ah, markaas waxay muujin kartaa gudbin khaldan.
B. Qaybaha Korantada Aan Shaqeynin
Calaamadda kale ee gudbinta cilladaysan waa marka qaybaha koronto ee gudbintu ay maamusho, sida masarrada muraayadaha ama qaboojiyaha, ay gebi ahaanba joojiyaan shaqada. Tani waxay muujin kartaa in gudbintu ay ku guuldareysatay inay damiso wareegga korontada, taasoo ka hortagaysa in qaybta korontada ay hesho koronto.
C. Gaasaska guban kara ama qarxa
Haddii relay lagu rakibo deegaan leh gaas gubanaya ama qarxi kara, gudbinta cilladaysan waxay sababi kartaa in ay shidmaan gaasaskan, taasoo u horseedaysa welwel xagga badbaadada ah. Sidaa darteed, waxaa muhiim ah in si joogto ah loo kormeero isu-gudbinta deegaannadan si loo hubiyo inay si habboon u shaqaynayaan.
D. Korontada oo kor u kacday
Relays-ka waxaa loogu talagalay inay ka difaacaan korontadu kor u kacdo iyo cilladaha kale ee korantada. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, gudbinta khaladka ah ayaa ku guul dareysata inay sidaas sameyso, taasoo keentay dhaawac soo gaara qaybaha korontada ama nidaamyada loogu talagalay in lagu ilaaliyo.
E. Wareegyo Gaaban
Gudbinta ciladeysan waxay keeni kartaa wareeg gaaban, taasoo keeni karta dhaawac soo gaadha habka fiilooyinka ama xitaa dab. Waa muhiim in si joogto ah loo hubiyo relay-ga calaamadaha burburka ama damashada, iyo in la beddelo isla marka wax dhibaato ah la ogaado.
Markaad ka warqabto calaamadahan, waxaad si fudud u aqoonsan kartaa haddii gudbintu si habboon u shaqaynayso ama haddii loo baahan yahay in la beddelo si looga hortago waxyeello kale ama khataro badbaado.
IV. Tijaabinta Gudbinta
A. Tallaabooyinka Tijaabinta Gudbinta
Tijaabinta gudbinta waa hab fudud oo ay samayn karaan xitaa makaanikada hiwaayadda. Waa kuwan tillaabooyinka lagu tijaabinayo gudbinta:
Ka saar gudbinta elektiroonigga ee baabuurka.
Fiiri jaantuska fiilooyinka si aad u aqoonsato gariiradda gudbinta iyo beddelka biinanka.
Ku cabbir qiimaha iska caabinta xadhkaha gariiradda koontaroolka gudbinta adigoo isticmaalaya multimeter. Gudbinta shaqaynaysa waa in ay muujisaa qiimaha iska caabinta inta u dhaxaysa inta lagu sheegay buug-gacmeedka ama buug-gacmeedka adeegga mulkiilaha. Buugga adeegga.
Ku hubi qiimaha iska caabbinta teerminnada beddelka gudbinta adigoo isticmaalaya multimeter. Qiimaha iska caabintu waa inuu noqdaa mid aan xad lahayn marka gudbinta tamarta laga saaro iyo eber marka la tamarsiiyo.
Tijaabi xiriirada wareejinta wareejinta si ay u sii socdaan adiga oo isticmaalaya habka joogtada ah ee multimeterka.
B. Ku tijaabinta Multimeter
Multimeter-ku waa qalab faa'iido leh oo lagu tijaabiyo gudbinta. Waa kan sida loo tijaabiyo gudbinta multimeter:
U deji multimeterka si aad u cabbirto danabka DC.
Ku xidh mitirka togan ee hogaanka togan ee gariiradda gariiradda gudbinta.
Ku xidh mitirka badan ee hogaanka taban ee batteriga.
Cabbir tamarta batteriga
Tamar geli isu-gudbinta adiga oo isticmaalaya korantada gariiradda kantaroolka adiga oo isticmaalaya siliga boodboodka.
Cabbir korontadu marka ay joogto teerminalka wareejinta. Danabku waa inuu ahaadaa mid u dhow danabka batteriga haddii gudbintu si habboon u shaqaynayso.
C. Ku Tijaabinta Fiilooyinka Jumper
Habka kale ee lagu tijaabiyo gudbinta waa iyadoo la isticmaalayo fiilooyinka boodboodka. Waa kan sida:
Ka saar gudbinta elektiroonigga ee baabuurka.
Ku xidh xadhigga boodboodka ee ka soo baxa batteriga togan ee batteriga ilaa kantaroolka gariiradda gariiradda gudbinta.
Ku xidh silig kale oo boodbood ah oo ka imanaya meesha taban ee baytariga ilaa dhulka gariiradda gariiradda gudbinta.
Dhegayso codka gujinta ee gudbinta, taasoo muujinaysa inay shaqaynayso.
Isticmaal nalka tijaabada si aad u hubiso awoodda biinanka beddelka ee gudbinta.
Markaad raacdo hababkan tijaabinta, waxaad go'aamin kartaa in gudbintu si habboon u shaqaynayso ama u baahan tahay in la beddelo.
V. Xallinta Gudbinta khaldan
A. Aqoonsiga Dhibaatada
Haddii aad ka shakisan tahay in aad leedahay gudbin khalad ah, tallaabada ugu horreysa waa in la aqoonsado dhibaatada. U fiirso calaamadaha gudbinta khaldan, sida dhawaaqyada dhagsiga ama qaybaha korontadu oo aan shaqaynayn. Waxa kale oo aad isticmaali kartaa multimeter ama fiilooyinka jumper si aad u tijaabiso gudbinta.
B. Helitaanka Gudbinta Saxda ah
Markaad aqoonsato gudbinta khaldan, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad hesho beddelka saxda ah. Ka hubi buug-gacmeedka mulkiilaha ama buugga adeegga gaadiidkaaga ama nidaamka korontada si aad u hesho gudbinta saxda ah. Hubi inaad hesho nooca saxda ah iyo cabbirka gudbinta codsigaaga. Buugga adeegga ee gaadiidkaaga ama nidaamka korontada si aad u hesho
C. Jaantusyada Xadhkaha
Tixraac jaantuska xargaha ee gaarigaaga ama nidaamka korontada si aad u go'aamiso meesha uu ku jiro gudbinta cilladaysan iyo sida loo xardhay. Tani waxay kaa caawin doontaa inaad si sax ah u saarto oo aad u bedesho gudbinta.
D. Beddelka Gudbinta Qaldan
Si aad u bedesho relay-ga khaldan, marka hore, hubi in nidaamka tamarta laga saaray. Dabadeed, ka saar relay-gii hore oo ku beddel mid cusub. Hubi inaad si sax ah ugu xidho gudbinta cusub, adoo raacaya jaantuska fiilooyinka. Tijaabi relay-ga cusub si aad u hubiso inuu si sax ah u shaqaynayo.
VI. Gabagabo
A. Soo koobida Qodobbada Ugu Muhiimsan
Maqaalkan, waxaan ku soo qaadanay aasaaska relaysyada, sida ay u shaqeeyaan, iyo sida loo ogaado haddii gudbintu si sax ah u shaqeyneyso. Waxa kale oo aanu ka hadalnay calaamadaha lagu garto relay-ga khaldan, sida loo tijaabiyo loona ciladeeyo relay-ga, iyo sida loo bedelo relay-ga khaldan.
B. Muhiimada dayactirka joogtada ah
Waa muhiim inaad dayactir joogto ah ku sameyso gaarigaaga ama nidaamka korontada si aad uga hortagto cilladda gudbinta. Tan waxaa ka mid ah hubinta nidaamka fiilooyinka, hubinta sanduuqa fiyuuska, iyo tijaabinta gudbinta xilliyada qaarkood. Dayactirka joogtada ah wuxuu kaa caawin karaa inaad ogaato dhibaatooyinka iman kara ka hor intaanay noqon arrimo halis ah.
C.Fikirka ugu dambeeya
Gebogebadii, waxaa muhiim ah in la fahmo shaqada iyo hawlgalka saxda ah ee relays ee nidaam kasta oo koronto ah. Awoodda lagu garto oo lagu garto isu-gudbinta khaldan waxay badbaadin kartaa waqti, lacag, iyo xitaa ka hortagga xaaladaha khatarta ah. Adigoo si joogto ah u ilaalinaya oo tijaabinaya relaysyadaada, waxaad xaqiijin kartaa badbaadada iyo isku halaynta gaadhigaaga ama qalabka kale ee korantada. Iyada oo la kaashanayo maqaalkan, waxaad hadda si fiican u fahantay sida loo tijaabiyo, loo xalliyo, oo loo beddelo relaysyada khaldan. Xusuusnow inaad had iyo jeer la tashato buug-gacmeedka milkiilaha, buug-gacmeedka adeegga, iyo shuruucda deegaanka ka hor intaadan isku dayin inaad keligaa isku daydo wax shaqo ah oo koronto ah. Badbaado oo habab koronto ku hay inay si habsami leh u socdaan. Buugga adeegga, iyo sharciyada deegaanka.
Waqtiga boostada: Jul-15-2023