Ni iki relay ikora mumodoka?

I. Intangiriro

Imodokani ikintu cyingenzi cya sisitemu y'amashanyarazi. Bakora nka sisitemu igenzura umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi mu bice bitandukanye by'imodoka, nk'amatara, icyuma gikonjesha, n'ihembe. Automotive relay ishinzwe kugenzura urwego rwingufu, kuyobora amashanyarazi, no gukora imirimo yumvikana ituma imodoka ikora neza. Muri iki kiganiro, tuzatanga incamake yibyo rela ikora mumodoka, ubwoko butandukanye bwa relay, nuburyo bwo gusuzuma ibibazo bisanzwe hamwe na relaux yimodoka mumodoka. Mugusoza iki kiganiro, uzasobanukirwa neza nakamaro ko kwifashisha ibinyabiziga mumashanyarazi.

II. Ni iki relay ikora mumodoka?

Imirasire igira uruhare runini muri sisitemu y'amashanyarazi y'imodoka, cyane cyane mugihe cyo kugenzura imiyoboro ihanitse. Bikora nk'amashanyarazi, bituma imiyoboro mike igenzura imiyoboro ihanitse kugirango ibashe gukoresha ibice bitandukanye byimodoka. Kurugero, mugihe ufunguye itara ryamatara yawe, umuzenguruko muke utanga ingufu za coil relay, ikora umurima wa rukuruzi ufunga imiyoboro ya relay, bigatuma ingufu z'amashanyarazi zitemba mumatara.

Bitandukanye na switch, relay yemerera kugenzura imirongo myinshi hamwe na switch imwe cyangwa kugenzura module. Ibyerekanwa birashobora gufungurwa bisanzwe (OYA) cyangwa mubisanzwe bifunze (NC), kandi birashobora gukoreshwa muburyo butandukanye, nko kugenzura ihembe ryikinyabiziga.

Itanga akazi ukoresheje umuzenguruko wo gukora kugirango ukore magnetiki ikurura cyangwa isunika umurongo wa relay ihuza. Iyo ikigezweho gitemba, gikurura imikoranire hamwe, bigatuma amashanyarazi atemba. Iyo coil idafite ingufu, umurima wa magneti urasenyuka, bigatuma umubano utandukana kandi ugahagarika amashanyarazi.

Muri rusange, ibyerekanwa nibintu byingenzi mumashanyarazi yimodoka, bituma igenzura imiyoboro myinshi hamwe na module imwe cyangwa kugenzura module.

III. Ubwoko bwimodoka

Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwimodoka zikoreshwa mumodoka. Hano hari bumwe muburyo busanzwe bwa relay n'imikorere yabyo:

Mubisanzwe fungura relay (OYA): Ubu bwoko bwa relay burakinguye mugihe coil idafite ingufu, kandi igafunga mugihe coil ifite ingufu. Bikunze gukoreshwa mugucunga imiyoboro ihanitse cyane, nkamatara yikinyabiziga cyangwa ihembe.

Mubisanzwe bifunze relay (NC): Ubu bwoko bwa relay burafungwa mugihe coil idafite ingufu, kandi igakingura mugihe coil ifite ingufu. Bikunze gukoreshwa mugucunga imiyoboro mike itembera, nkibisangwa muri kure ya kure cyangwa kumurongo.

Guhindura relay: Ubu bwoko bwa relay bufite ibice bibiri byitumanaho kandi birashobora gukoreshwa muguhindura imirongo ibiri, harimo mubisanzwe bifungura rela kandi mubisanzwe bifunze. Bikunze gukoreshwa mugucunga ibinyabiziga bikonjesha cyangwa moteri yabafana.

Umuyoboro umwe wikubye kabiri (SPDT) relay: Ubu bwoko bwa relay bufite imwe isanzwe ifunguye kandi imwe isanzwe ifunze. Bikunze gukoreshwa mugucunga amashanyarazi muri sisitemu ya DC, nkibisangwa muri moteri ya blower.

Micro relay: Ubu bwoko bwa relay ni relay ntoya isanzwe ikoreshwa mumadirishya yikora cyangwa amatara yingoboka.

Buri bwoko bwa relay bukora muburyo butandukanye kandi bukoreshwa mubikorwa bitandukanye mumodoka. Gusobanukirwa ubwoko butandukanye bwa relay n'imikorere yabyo birashobora gufasha gusuzuma ibibazo hamwe na sisitemu y'amashanyarazi y'imodoka.

IV. Ibibazo bisanzwe hamwe na moteri yimodoka

Kimwe nikintu icyo aricyo cyose cyamashanyarazi, ibinyabiziga birashobora kunanirwa cyangwa guhura nibibazo. Hano haribibazo bimwe na bimwe bifitanye isano nimodoka:

Kunanirwa kwerekanwa: Igihe kirenze, imibonano muguhagarika irashobora gushira cyangwa kwangirika, biganisha kunanirwa. Icyerekezo kibi gishobora gutera ibibazo bitandukanye, nkumuzunguruko udakora, gukora rimwe na rimwe, cyangwa no kwangiza ibindi bice bigize amashanyarazi yimodoka.

Umuvuduko wa voltage: Iyo relay yazimye, umurima wa magneti urasenyuka kandi urashobora kubyara ingufu za voltage mumuzunguruko. Umuvuduko wa voltage urashobora kwangiza ibindi bice byumuzunguruko, nka module yo kugenzura cyangwa coil relay ubwayo.

None, bigenda bite iyo relay igenda nabi? Ibimenyetso birashobora gutandukana bitewe numuzunguruko wihariye no kubishyira mubikorwa, ariko ibimenyetso bimwe bisanzwe byerekana relay mbi harimo:

Umuzunguruko udakora: Niba relay yimodoka yananiwe, umuzenguruko uyobora urashobora guhagarika gukora burundu.

Igikorwa cyigihe gito: Icyerekezo kibi gishobora gutuma umuzenguruko ukora rimwe na rimwe cyangwa mubihe runaka.

Kanda amajwi: Iyo relay ifite imbaraga, igomba kubyara amajwi yumvikana. Niba relay yananiwe, irashobora gutanga amajwi yo gukanda ubudahwema cyangwa sibyo rwose. kubyara an

Guhuza cyangwa gushonga umubano: Mubihe bikabije, relay mbi irashobora gutuma imibonano yaka cyangwa igashonga, biganisha ku kwangiza ibindi bice bigize umuzunguruko.

Kubungabunga no kugenzura buri gihe birashobora gufasha gukumira ibibazo no kubifata hakiri kare.

V. Nigute ushobora gusuzuma relay mbi mumodoka

Niba ukeka ko kwerekanwa mumodoka yawe ari bibi, hari intambwe nke ushobora gutera kugirango umenye ikibazo:

Umva gukanda:

Mugihe ufunguye ibice bigenzurwa na relay, nkamatara cyangwa icyuma gikonjesha, umva amajwi akanda avuye kuruhuka. Iri jwi ryerekana ko relay irimo ingufu kandi igomba kuba ikora neza.

Reba fuse:

Mbere yo kugerageza relay ubwayo, genzura fuse kumuzunguruko igenzura. Fuse ihuha irashobora gutera ibimenyetso bisa na relay mbi.

Hindura hamwe na relay nziza izwi: 

Niba ufite ikindi cyerekezo mumodoka yawe uzi ko gikora neza, hinduranya na relay ukekwaho. Niba ibice bitangiye gukora neza, wagaragaje relay itari yo.

Ikizamini hamwe na multimeter:

Niba ufite multimeter, urashobora kugerageza relay itaziguye. Shyira multimeter kumurongo wa ohms hanyuma ukore kuri probe kuri relay contact. Ugomba kubona isomwa rya zeru ohms mugihe relay ifite imbaraga hamwe no kurwanya bitagira umupaka mugihe atari.

Ukurikije izi ntambwe, urashobora gusuzuma relay mbi mumodoka yawe hanyuma ugafata ingamba zo kuyisimbuza cyangwa kugura relay imwe mbere yuko itera ibindi byangiritse.

VI. Niki gitera kwerekanwa kunanirwa?

Ibyerekanwe byateguwe kuramba kandi biramba, ariko birashobora kunanirwa mugihe. Dore zimwe mu mpamvu zisanzwe zitera gutsindwa:

Imyaka:

Kimwe nibikoresho byinshi bya mashini na mashanyarazi, ibyerekezo byinshi amaherezo bizashira mugihe. Kurenza uko relay ikoreshwa, birashoboka cyane ko byananirana.

Guhura n'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru:

Imodoka zitwara ibinyabiziga zikunze kuba mubice bya moteri, aho zishobora guhura nubushyuhe bwinshi. Igihe kirenze, ubu bushyuhe burashobora gutuma ibice bya relay bisenyuka bikananirana.

Umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi:

Umuvuduko wa voltage, ushobora kubaho mugihe relay ifunguye cyangwa yazimye, irashobora kwangiza imiyoboro ya relay ikanayitera kunanirwa.

Kurenza urugero:

Niba relay ikoreshwa mugucunga uruziga rukurura amashanyarazi menshi, birashobora gushyuha bikananirana.

Kwishyiriraho nabi:

Niba relay idashyizweho neza, irashobora kwangirika cyangwa kunanirwa gukora neza.

Kurinda kunanirwa kwerekanwa, ni ngombwa gukurikiza izi nama:

Koreshaurwego rwohejuru:

Guhitamo icyerekezo cyiza cyane birashobora gufasha kwemeza ko bizaramba kandi bigakora neza.

Komeza kwifata neza: 

Igihe cyose bishoboka, shiraho relay ahantu bazagerwaho nubushyuhe buke.

Koresha ibyerekezo bikwiye kumuzunguruko:

Witondere guhitamo relay hamwe nigipimo gihanitse gihagije kugirango ukore uruziga ruzagenzura.

Kurikiza uburyo bukwiye bwo kwishyiriraho: 

Witondere gukurikiza amabwiriza yabakozwe mugihe ushyiraho relay kugirango wirinde kuyangiza.

Ukurikije izi nama, urashobora gufasha kwirinda kunanirwa kwerekanwa no kwemeza ko sisitemu yimashanyarazi yimodoka yawe ikora neza mumyaka iri imbere.

VII. Umwanzuro

Mu gusoza, ibyuma byerekana ibinyabiziga bigira uruhare runini mumodoka. Bikora nka sisitemu igenzura urwego rwingufu kandi ikora ibice bitandukanye byikinyabiziga, nkamatara, moteri ya moteri, hamwe nubushyuhe.

Twaganiriye ku bwoko butandukanye bwerekana ibinyabiziga, harimo mubisanzwe bifungura relaire, mubisanzwe bifunze, guhinduranya impinduka, hamwe na micro relay. Twagaragaje kandi ibibazo rusange bishobora kuvuka hamwe na relay, nka voltage spike no gutsindwa, kandi twatanze inama zo gusuzuma no gukumira ibyo bibazo.

Kugira ngo umenye byinshi kubyerekeranye n’imodoka, abasomyi barashobora kwifashisha ibikoresho nka datasheets yakozwe cyangwa kugisha inama umutekinisiye wizewe. Ni ngombwa kugira ubumenyi bwibanze bwerekeranye n’imodoka kugirango umenye umutekano n’ubwizerwe bwa sisitemu y’amashanyarazi.